Disaster and Disaster Management

The picture above is a conceptual framework of a disaster and disaster management with left part of it is the process of a disaster to occur and right part is the disaster management. As we know, disaster can be categorized to man made and natural disaster, and both type of the disaster events can be explain following this disaster framework. HAZARD is something that contents energy, so it could be an airplane or a volcano. At one time, something that content that much energy, must has a probability that some bad could happen, this is what is known as RISK. Thus realization of the hazard, i.e. volcano eruption is the event. Not a disaster yet, because certain things a required in order an event to be classify as a disaster. When an event comes into contact with those who has the vulnerabilities, this is the IMPACT of that event, and a negative result from an impact of an event resulting in damages. Be the DAMAGE is in the sense of social function, loss of life or property it still just an event circumstances. When the local government of where the event has occurred demand the needs of external aid for recovery, then it will finally be qualified as a DISASTER.

As you can see, the framework appears as a process, but in fact, it is actually an endless loop of event. Therefore the disaster management must be work to cut off or to end even this loop. The first steps of a disaster management is to prevent it from happening. PREVENTION is done to reduce the possibility of a hazard from going wrong and realization of its hazard. This mainly only possible in preventing man made disaster as we can only reduce and prevent the hazard of airplane and not a volcano. For example, we can design a plane with a better aviation system thus reducing the hazard. MITIGATION on the other hand, i usually used to minimize the after effect of an event. When early warning of an event already being confirm, here disaster management is the preparation to come face to face with the event. PREPAREDNESS embodies all plans that being done before the event occurs including evacuation plan, early detecting warning system and so on. During the disaster period, RESILIENCE take place in disaster management. This include the initiation of medical response, search and rescue team and initiation of rapid response team. In the evacuation camp, two terms is important reflecting the success of disaster logistic system; absorbing capacity and buffering capacity. Absorbing capacity is the capacity of the camp or hospital to receive the number of victims and buffering capacity the amount of inventories that was stored to be used disaster emergency situation. Disaster management for post disaster is the RECOVERY and DEVELOPMENT of the all the damages caused by its impact.